Journal: Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Article Title: Citrulline Inhibits Clostridioides difficile Infection With Anti-inflammatory Effects

doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2025.101474

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: After 2 hours, the cells were lysed for phosphorylated heat shock protein 27 (pHSP27) ELISA (DY2314) or phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha/beta (pGSK3α/β) ELISA (DYC2630) from R&D Systems.

Techniques:

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Article Title: Citrulline Inhibits Clostridioides difficile Infection With Anti-inflammatory Effects

doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2025.101474

Figure Lengend Snippet: Citrulline and vancomycin synergistically affected the cecal microbiome in the infected regular hamsters. ( A–C ) Cecal contents in regular hamsters were collected on days 3 and 20 post-infection. CosmosID performed the sample processing and sequencing. The CosmosID original shotgun 1.0 workflow was used for analysis. (A–B) Alpha and beta diversities of cecal microbiota in regular hamsters are shown. ( C ) Relative abundance of cecal microbiota in regular hamsters is shown. n = 4 hamsters per group. All statistical tests were calculated by CosmosID.

Article Snippet: After 2 hours, the cells were lysed for phosphorylated heat shock protein 27 (pHSP27) ELISA (DY2314) or phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha/beta (pGSK3α/β) ELISA (DYC2630) from R&D Systems.

Techniques: Infection, Sequencing

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Article Title: Citrulline Inhibits Clostridioides difficile Infection With Anti-inflammatory Effects

doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2025.101474

Figure Lengend Snippet: Citrulline and vancomycin synergistically affected the cecal microbiome in the infected regular hamsters. ( A–C ) Cecal contents in regular hamsters were collected on day 20 post-infection. CosmosID performed the sample processing and sequencing. A newer CosmosID common kingdom 1.0.0 analysis workflow was used for analysis, which was incompatible with the original shotgun 1.0 workflow. ( A–B ) Alpha and beta diversities of cecal microbiota in regular hamsters are shown. n = 4 hamsters per group. ( C ) Relative abundance of cecal microbiota in regular hamsters is shown. n = 4 hamsters per group. All statistical tests were calculated by CosmosID.

Article Snippet: After 2 hours, the cells were lysed for phosphorylated heat shock protein 27 (pHSP27) ELISA (DY2314) or phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha/beta (pGSK3α/β) ELISA (DYC2630) from R&D Systems.

Techniques: Infection, Sequencing

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Article Title: Citrulline Inhibits Clostridioides difficile Infection With Anti-inflammatory Effects

doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2025.101474

Figure Lengend Snippet: Citrulline eliminated cecal C. difficile in ABX+HGM hamsters. ( A–D ) Cecal contents in ABX + HGM hamsters were collected on days 3 and 20 post-infection. The fecal microbiota of a human donor was included for reference. CosmosID performed the sample processing and sequencing. A newer CosmosID common kingdom 1.0.0 analysis workflow was used for analysis. ( A–B ) Alpha and beta diversities of cecal microbiota. n = 4 ABX + HGM hamsters per group. ( C ) A heatmap of the relative abundance of cecal bacteria. The relative abundance of C. difficile was too low to be shown in the top 20 bacteria list. n = 4 ABX + HGM hamsters per group. ( D ) Relative cecal C. difficile abundance. Citrulline treatment eliminated cecal C. difficile in infected hamsters on day 3 and vancomycin-treated infected hamsters on day 20. A low cecal level of C. difficile was found in vancomycin-treated infected hamsters on day 20. C, citrulline; V, vancomycin. Mean ± SD. n = 4 ABX + HGM hamsters per group. All statistical tests were calculated by CosmosID.

Article Snippet: After 2 hours, the cells were lysed for phosphorylated heat shock protein 27 (pHSP27) ELISA (DY2314) or phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha/beta (pGSK3α/β) ELISA (DYC2630) from R&D Systems.

Techniques: Infection, Sequencing, Bacteria

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Article Title: Citrulline Inhibits Clostridioides difficile Infection With Anti-inflammatory Effects

doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2025.101474

Figure Lengend Snippet: Citrulline did not affect the fecal microbiome in the infected regular mice. ( A–C ) Feces from regular mice were collected on day 3 post-infection. CosmosID performed the sample processing and sequencing. The CosmosID original shotgun 1.0 workflow was used for analysis. ( A–B ) Alpha and beta diversities of fecal microbiota. ( C ) A heatmap of the relative fecal abundance of bacteria. The top 20 bacteria are shown. ( D ) Relative fecal C. difficile abundance. Oral citrulline treatment did not affect fecal C. difficile abundance. Mean ± SD. This microbiome study included 4 normal mice, 5 CDI mice, and 5 CDI + citrulline mice. All statistical tests were calculated by CosmosID.

Article Snippet: After 2 hours, the cells were lysed for phosphorylated heat shock protein 27 (pHSP27) ELISA (DY2314) or phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha/beta (pGSK3α/β) ELISA (DYC2630) from R&D Systems.

Techniques: Infection, Sequencing, Bacteria